The Fragmented State: Governance in 2025

Throughout 2025, the trend toward 'Modular Governance' accelerated. Large nation-states faced increasing pressure from cities and regions seeking control over their own digital and physical infrastructure.

Blockchain-based local identification and tax systems became common, allowing regions to operate with a high degree of independence from central budgets. This shift has created a more resilient, if more chaotic, global political map where the 'City-State' model is once again a dominant force in human organization.